What is the nozzle throat diameter of a rocket?
What is the characteristic velocity of a rocket if the chamber pressure is 5 MPa, the nozzle throat diameter is 75 mm and the mass flow rate is 25 kg/s? Explanation: Characteristic velocity = Chamber pressure x throat area / mass flow rate. It is an important performance parameter of rocket engines.
How thick are rocket nozzles?
At the exit plane the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) nozzle was about 2 inches thick. This was a regeneratively cooled nozzle built up of tubing with a manifold encircling the exit.
Why do rocket nozzles get wider instead of smaller?
Pressure and temperature are related to velocity. Hence, reducing the pressure allows to gain in exhaust velocity and thus in thrust. You will also notice that the nozzle is bigger on second stages than on first stages because of the difference of pressure of the environment (atmosphere versus space).
What is a rocket nozzle called?
A nozzle is a relatively simple device, just a specially shaped tube through which hot gases flow. Rockets typically use a fixed convergent section followed by a fixed divergent section for the design of the nozzle. This nozzle configuration is called a convergent-divergent, or CD, nozzle.
Which nozzle is used in rocket engine?
de Laval nozzle
The main type of rocket engine nozzles used in modern rocket engines is the de Laval nozzle which is used to expand and accelerate the combustion gases, from burning propellants, so that the exhaust gases exiting the nozzles are at hypersonic velocities.
What material are rocket nozzles made of?
The materials used included refractory metals, refractory- me tal carbides, gr aphites , c eramic s , cermets, and fiber – r einforced plastics. Three propellants with widely differing flame temperatures and oxidation characteristics were used.
Why are rocket nozzles bell shaped?
The bell or contour shape is designed to impart a large angle expansion for the gases right after the throat. The nozzle is then curved back in to give a nearly straight flow of gas out the nozzle opening. The contour used is rather complex. The large expansion section near the throat causes expansion shock waves.
How does nozzle size affect velocity?
The larger nozzle diameter gives more mass of fluid to be carried. It is also related to the momentum energy generated that when the fluid velocity s constant with increasing fluid mass so the momentum gets larger then the jt plunges deeper.
How does nozzle increase thrust?
decreasing pressure and accelerating the flow. This results in thrust. The nozzle design is very important becuase it determines the turbine entry temperature (and hence the work done by the turbine) as well as the mass flow of the engine and the exit velocity and pressure (all four of which determine thrust).