What is the synthesis reaction for aspirin?
Aspirin is prepared by chemical synthesis from salicylic acid, through acetylation with acetic anhydride. The molecular weight of aspirin is 180.16g/mol. It is odourless, colourless to white crystals or crystalline powder.
How do you make aspirin synthesis?
Aspirin can be made by reacting salicylic acid with acetic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst. The phenol group on the salicylic acid forms an ester with the carboxyl group on the acetic acid. However, this reaction is slow and has a relatively low yield.
How is aspirin synthesized industrially?
The production process involves the reaction of Salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in glass lined vessels. The liquid produced is pumped to a crystallizer, where it is cooled down to start the crystallization to Aspirin.
How can you synthesize aspirin from phenol?
The salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride in presence of sulphuric acid to form acetylated salicylic acid and acetic acid. Therefore, we can convert phenol to aspirin by treating phenol with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide in an acidic medium. Then treated the product salicylic acid with acetic anhydride.
Why is water added to synthesis of aspirin?
After the reaction takes place, water is added to destroy the excess acetic anhydride and cause the product to crystallize. The aspirin is then collected, purified by recrystallization, and its melting temperature measured.
How is aspirin made in the lab?
To prepare aspirin, salicylic acid is reacted with an excess of acetic anhydride. A small amount of a strong acid is used as a catalyst which speeds up the reaction. In this experiment, sulfuric acid will be used as the catalyst. The excess acetic anhydride will be quenched (reacted) with the addition of water.
What are the raw materials for aspirin?
Raw Materials To produce hard aspirin tablets, corn starch and water are added to the active ingredient (acetylsalicylic acid) to serve as both a binding agent and filler, along with a lubricant.
How is salicylic acid converted into aspirin?
For the preparation of aspirin, salicylic acid is reacted with an excess of acetic anhydride. Small amount of strong acid is used as a catalyst in these reactions which enhances the speed of reaction acid used is phosphoric acid. Excess acetic acid will be extinguished with the addition of water.
How is phenol converted to salicylic acid?
Phenol is converted to salicylic acid by Reimer-Tiemann reaction. In this reaction, ortho hydroxyl benzaldehyde and ortho hydroxyl benzoic acid are obtained.
Why is phosphoric acid used in aspirin synthesis?
Phosphoric acid acts as a catalyst to accelerate the reaction. (Catalyst is a substance that can be added to a reaction and helps speed up the reaction without getting caught in the process.
What is synthesis of aspirin?
Synthesis of Aspirin. After the synthesis of aspirin, the product was recrystallized for purification to rid the product of impurities. A major impurity that could be found in the crude product would be unreacted salicylic acid. The crude product and the purified product can be tested using ferric chloride.
What are the sources of error in the synthesis of aspirin?
One possible source of error is in the nature of the reaction of aspirin. These carbonyl reactions are all equilibrium reactions which means it is impossible for the reaction to go to 100% completion. Therefore during the synthesis of the aspirin some of the aspirin will be converted back to starting material.
What is the chemical name of aspirin?
Aspirin is the single most manufactured drug in the world. Aspirin’s chemical name is acetylsalicylic acid, and it is synthesized from the reaction of acetic anhydride with salicylic acid in the presence of phos-phoric acid as a catalyst. The by-product is acetic acid (Figure 5.1).
What is the role of sulfuric acid in the synthesis of aspirin?
In the synthesis of aspirin, sulfuric acid is also used as a catalyst to speed up the reaction (Wikipedia, Sulfuric acid, 2013). Limiting reactants are important in chemical reactions because a reaction cannot proceed without all of the reactants.
Why does the synthesis of aspirin need a catalyst?
To prepare aspirin, salicylic acid is reacted with an excess of acetic anhydride. A small amount of a strong acid is used as a catalyst which speeds up the reaction.
What is the nucleophile in aspirin synthesis?
Once Salicylic Acid (limiting reagent) is synthesized, it too can undergo a carbonyl addition-elimination with acetic anhydride to produce aspirin. This time the hydroxyl group of the salicylic acid acts as the nucleophile to attack the carbonyl group of the acetic anhydride and replace one of the acetyl groups.
Why is sulfuric acid used in aspirin synthesis?
The purpose of adding sulphuric acid (catalyst) is to aid and augent the process of detaching the acetate ion (CH3COO–) from acetic anhydride which ultimately gets associated with H+ ion from phenolic hydroxy group in salicylic acid to be eliminated as a mole of acetic acid. Aim: To prepare aspirin from salicylic acid.
Why is sulphuric acid used in aspirin synthesis?
Why we use sulphuric acid in aspirin synthesis?
Making aspirin This reaction would be very slow without a catalyst. In this case just a few drops of sulphuric acid added to the mixture means that there are some free positive hydrogen ions in the solution which can bind to the ethanoic anhydride. This makes it more active and speeds up the reaction.
Is aspirin synthesis nucleophilic substitution?
In this lab you will synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid using nucleophilic acyl substition. Phosphoric acid is used a catalyst to make the carbonyl group more electrophilic and thus more reactive towards nucleophiles.
What is an electrophile vs nucleophile?
A nucleophile is a chemical entity that gives an electron pair in response to a stimulus to form a chemical bond. A molecule, ion, or atom that is deficient in electrons in some way is known as an electrophile.
What is the role of sulphuric acid in the preparation of aspirin from salicylic acid?
The purpose of adding sulphuric acid (catalyst ) is to aid and augent the process of detaching the acetate ion from acetic anhydride which ultimately get associate with H+ ion from phenolic hydroxyl group in salicylic acid to be eliminated as a mole of acetic acid.
What is the purpose of using sulfuric acid in this experiment?
When conducting chemical experiments, one must always add sulfuric acid to water, not the other way around. Sulfuric acid is a strong dehydrating substance, and concentrated sulfuric acid forces water out of various compounds. It is often used as a drying agent.