What is a flexion distraction injury?
Flexion-distraction injuries occur due to distractive forces causing disruption of the posterior and middle spinal columns. These fractures classically consist of a fracture line through the posterior bony elements; involvement of the posterior ligamentous complex is, however, common.
What is a distraction type injury?
Distraction injury: Vertical distraction forces result in the distraction of two vertebral bodies, in contrast to horizontal fracture through the spinous process, pedicles, and vertebral body seen in Chance fracture.
Which of the following scoring and classification categories are included in the thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score?
The classification system is based on three major categories: the morphology of the injury; the integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex; and the neurologic status of the patient.
What is Nexus criteria?
The NEXUS criteria state that a patient with suspected c-spine injury can be cleared providing the following: No posterior midline cervical spine tenderness is present. No evidence of intoxication is present. The patient has a normal level of alertness. No focal neurologic deficit is present.
What is a distracting injury c spine?
NEXUS, a national, multicentered prospective study that included more than 34,000 patients, defined distracting injury as any of the following: a long-bone fracture; visceral injury requiring surgical consultation; large laceration; degloving or crush injury; large burns; any other injury producing acute functional …
What is thoracolumbar region?
Thoracolumbar spine is the transitional zone between the stiff thoracic cage and the mobile lumbar spine. Therefore, it is a vulnerable region for injury, including fracture and dislocation.
What is a distracting injury in nexus criteria?
What are Nexus and C-spine criteria?
Clears patients from cervical spine fracture clinically, without imaging. The NEXUS Criteria represent a well-validated clinical decision aid that can be used to safely rule out cervical spine injury in alert, stable trauma patients without the need to obtain radiographic images.
What is a flexion distraction injury (seatbelt injury)?
Mechanism a flexion-distraction injury (seatbelt injury) may be a bony injury. may be ligamentous injury (flexion-distraction injury) more difficult to heal. middle and posterior columns fail under tension.
What are the stages of a flexion-compression injury?
According to Allen and Ferguson, there are five stages of flexion-compression injuries ( Fig. 6.1 ). Stage 1 involves rounding over of the superior endplate. Stage 2 involves further collapse of the endplate, with beaking, or anterior fracture, of the vertebral body. The middle and posterior columns are spared in these early stages.
What is the SLIC classification for compression injuries?
Fig. 6. 3 SLIC classification for compression injuries: Simple compression morphology is identified by a visible loss of height in the anterior column (a). Compression may be accompanied by definite DLC disruption (b) or laminar fractures (c). Nondisplaced lateral mass and/or facet fractures are also compression injuries (d).
How do you classify cord injuries?
Classification Points Intact 0 Root Injury 1 Complete cord injury 2 Incomplete cord injury 3